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Summit Tunnel ：ウィキペディア英語版

Summit Tunnel

The Summit Tunnel in England is one of the oldest railway tunnels in the world: it was built between 1838 and 1841 by the Manchester and Leeds Railway beneath the Pennines. The tunnel is located between Littleborough and Walsden, Todmorden and created a vital gateway between Manchester and Leeds.
==Engineering==
The tunnel is just over 1.6 miles (2.6 km) long and carries two standard-gauge tracks in a single tube, which is shaped like a horseshoe approximately 7.2m (23.6 feet) wide and 6.6m (21.6 feet) high.
The tunnel was mined by hand through shale, coal and sandstone, then lined with six courses of bricks (using over 23 million bricks in all)〔''(The Parliamentary Gazeteer of England and Wales )'', vol. 3, p. 20. Edinburgh: A. Fullarton & Co., 1851〕 to form the horseshoe shape. It was aligned by drilling fourteen vertical shafts to provide survey points on the hillside above: after the tunnel was completed two shafts were closed and the remaining twelve were used as blast relief shafts to vent steam from the locomotives that passed through.
When completed in 1841, it was the longest railway tunnel in the world.

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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